Mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive form of cancer that primarily affects the mesothelium, the thin tissue layer covering many internal organs, including the lungs, heart, and abdomen. The most common type, pleural mesothelioma, develops in the lining of the lungs (pleura). It is most often caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral once widely used in construction and manufacturing due to its heat-resistant properties.
When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in the mesothelium, causing inflammation and genetic damage over time, which may lead to the development of cancer. Symptoms of mesothelioma may take decades to appear and can include chest pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, and fluid buildup around the lungs or abdomen.
Due to the long latency period, mesothelioma is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making treatment challenging. Options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and newer treatments like immunotherapy, though the prognosis remains poor.
Preventing asbestos exposure is key to reducing the risk of mesothelioma, and awareness of the dangers of asbestos has led to stricter regulations in many countries. Research is ongoing to improve early detection and develop more effective treatments.