Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, often measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI). A BMI of 30 or higher typically indicates obesity, although factors like muscle mass and distribution of fat should also be considered. It is a significant global health issue affecting individuals of all ages and is linked to various genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.
The primary causes of obesity include an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and genetic predisposition. Additional contributors may include hormonal imbalances, certain medications, and psychological factors like stress or depression.
Obesity is associated with numerous health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, certain cancers, sleep apnea, and musculoskeletal disorders. It can also impact mental health, leading to conditions like depression, low self-esteem, and social stigma.
Preventing and managing obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach, including adopting a balanced diet, regular physical activity, behavior modification, and, in some cases, medical or surgical interventions. Public health initiatives promoting awareness, access to healthy foods, and active lifestyles are critical in addressing this epidemic. Addressing obesity not only improves individual health but also reduces the societal and economic burden of obesity-related complications.