Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal brain activity. It can affect people of all ages and may result from genetic factors, brain injuries, infections, or developmental disorders. Seizures vary in severity and type, ranging from brief lapses in awareness to full-body convulsions.
Common symptoms include temporary confusion, staring spells, uncontrollable jerking movements, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis involves medical history evaluation, neurological exams, and tests such as EEG and brain imaging.
Treatment options include anti-seizure medications, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgery or nerve stimulation therapy. Some patients may also benefit from dietary approaches like the ketogenic diet. While epilepsy is a chronic condition, many individuals achieve good seizure control with proper management.
Seizures can be triggered by stress, sleep deprivation, flashing lights, or missed medications. Preventive measures include adherence to prescribed treatments, avoiding triggers, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Epilepsy is not contagious and does not affect intelligence, but it may impact daily life, requiring support and awareness. Advances in research continue to improve treatment options, offering hope for better seizure control and, in some cases, potential cures.