Colorectal Cancer: An Overview
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, parts of the digestive system. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, it is highly preventable and treatable when detected early.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of colorectal cancer is unknown, but several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing it. These include:
- Age: People over 50 are at higher risk.
- Family history: A history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases the risk.
- Diet: A diet high in red or processed meats and low in fiber can contribute.
- Lifestyle factors: Lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption raise the risk.
- Medical conditions: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis increase susceptibility.
Symptoms
Colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms in its early stages. However, as it progresses, symptoms may include:
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Abdominal pain or cramps
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or weakness
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early detection is crucial. Screening tests such as colonoscopy, fecal occult blood tests (FOBT), and stool DNA tests help identify cancer early. If diagnosed, treatment options include:
- Surgery: Removal of the affected portion of the colon or rectum.
- Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy: Targets and destroys cancerous tissue.
- Targeted therapy & Immunotherapy: Newer treatments that enhance the body’s ability to fight cancer.
Prevention
A healthy lifestyle, regular screenings, a balanced diet, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol significantly reduce the risk. Early detection through routine checkups can save lives.