Causes and Risk Factors of Glaucoma
Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This pressure builds up when the eye’s drainage system becomes blocked, preventing fluid (aqueous humor) from flowing out properly. However, glaucoma can also develop with normal eye pressure due to poor blood flow or optic nerve sensitivity.
Major Risk Factors
- Age: People over 40 are at higher risk, and the risk increases with age.
- Family History: A genetic predisposition to glaucoma significantly raises the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Increased Eye Pressure (IOP): Elevated intraocular pressure is a primary cause of optic nerve damage.
- Ethnicity: African, Hispanic, and Asian populations have a higher risk of glaucoma.
- Medical Conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease can contribute to optic nerve damage.
- Eye Conditions and Injuries: Severe nearsightedness (myopia), previous eye trauma, or surgeries can increase glaucoma risk.
- Long-term Steroid Use: Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications, especially eye drops, can raise eye pressure.
Prevention and Management
Regular eye checkups, maintaining healthy blood pressure, avoiding smoking, and managing underlying health conditions can help reduce the risk of glaucoma and prevent vision loss.