Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs, causing them to become inflamed and narrowed. This results in difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Asthma can affect individuals of all ages and varies in severity from mild to life-threatening.
Triggers for asthma attacks include allergens (such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander), air pollution, smoke, cold air, respiratory infections, exercise, and stress. When exposed to these triggers, the muscles around the airways tighten, the lining swells, and mucus production increases, making it hard to breathe.
While asthma is not curable, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Medications are typically divided into two types: quick-relief inhalers for immediate symptoms and long-term control medications to reduce inflammation and prevent attacks.
Regular monitoring, avoiding known triggers, and following a treatment plan prescribed by a healthcare provider are essential for managing asthma. With appropriate care, most people with asthma can lead active, normal lives.
Education and awareness about asthma are important to prevent complications and improve quality of life. Early diagnosis and consistent medical care are key to reducing the burden of this common yet manageable condition.