Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. It is often called a “silent killer” because it typically goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen, making early diagnosis challenging.
Common symptoms include abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, frequent urination, and difficulty eating or feeling full quickly. These signs are often mistaken for less serious conditions, which can delay diagnosis.
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, but risk factors include age (particularly over 50), family history of ovarian or breast cancer, inherited genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), and never having been pregnant.
Diagnosis usually involves a combination of pelvic exams, imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans, and blood tests (such as CA-125 levels). A definitive diagnosis is confirmed through a biopsy.
Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the tumor and affected tissues, followed by chemotherapy. Targeted therapies and hormone treatments may also be used depending on the type and stage of the cancer.
Early detection greatly improves outcomes, making awareness and regular checkups critical in the fight against ovarian cancer.