Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system, which normally protects the body from infections, mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs. This abnormal immune response leads to inflammation, pain, and damage in various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. The most common form is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but other types include cutaneous lupus, drug-induced lupus, and neonatal lupus.
Lupus can affect anyone, but it is more common in women, particularly those between the ages of 15 and 45. The exact cause of lupus remains unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.
Symptoms vary widely and may include fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes (especially the characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks), fever, and sensitivity to sunlight. Because its symptoms mimic other conditions, lupus can be difficult to diagnose.
Although there is no cure, lupus can be managed effectively with medications that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Early diagnosis and ongoing medical care are crucial in preventing serious complications and improving quality of life. Education, awareness, and support play an essential role in helping those affected live healthier lives.