Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers called myelin, leading to inflammation and scarring (sclerosis). This disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, resulting in a variety of neurological symptoms.
The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. It most commonly affects people aged 20–40, and women are more likely to develop MS than men.
Common Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Numbness or tingling
- Muscle weakness or spasms
- Vision problems (blurry or double vision)
- Difficulty walking or balancing
- Memory and concentration issues
MS progresses in different ways, such as relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, and secondary progressive forms. The disease course and severity can vary greatly between individuals.
Management:
There is no cure for MS, but treatment focuses on slowing progression, managing symptoms, and improving quality of life. This includes disease-modifying therapies, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and support for mental health.
Early diagnosis and comprehensive care are essential for better long-term outcomes.