Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood glucose, or blood sugar, which is a primary source of energy. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to an insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough of it. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after birth, though it can increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and blurred vision. Without management, it can lead to complications like heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision loss. Management includes lifestyle modifications like a balanced diet, regular exercise, and often medication or insulin therapy. Monitoring blood sugar levels is essential to keep glucose within a target range.
Preventing Type 2 diabetes involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, while Type 1 is currently unpreventable. With medical advances, individuals with diabetes can lead healthy lives, but regular medical care is essential to managing the condition effectively.