Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. It can develop in almost any organ or tissue, forming tumors or affecting blood and lymphatic systems, as seen in leukemia and lymphoma. If left untreated, cancer can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis), making it life-threatening.
The exact causes of cancer vary, but genetic mutations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices contribute to its development. Risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diets, prolonged exposure to harmful radiation or chemicals, and infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C. Some cancers also have hereditary links.
Common symptoms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, persistent pain, abnormal lumps, changes in skin or bowel habits, and prolonged coughing. Early detection through screenings and diagnostic tests increases the chances of successful treatment.
Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug therapies. Advances in medical research continue to improve survival rates and quality of life for patients. Raising awareness, promoting prevention, and supporting cancer research are crucial in the fight against this disease.